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Qualifying Examination

“Regeneration of Tropical Secondary Vegetation in Human-Modified Landscapes”

Speaker: Alex Yee Thiam Koon (Graduate Student, Dept. of Biological Sciences, NUS)
Date: 13 December 2012, Thursday
Time: 10am
Venue: DBS Conference Room (S3, Level 5, #05-01)
Supervisor: Assoc Prof Hugh Tan Tiang Wah

Abstract:

Secondary vegetation is a type of vegetation that regenerates through natural processes from previously human- or naturally-disturbed land, degraded land or abandoned plantations. Moreover, secondary vegetation has distinct differences in forest structure and communities as compared to the original condition. Secondary forest is now a major forest type in the tropics, and its area is expanding. Secondary vegetation may be important for species conservation as it can house old-growth forest species. Understanding factors and processes that can affect the regeneration of secondary forest species can help in conservation decision-making. Therefore, I attempt to investigate the species composition of tropical secondary forests, and the processes affecting their regeneration. I will focus specifically on the regeneration of vascular plants in secondary forests of Singapore. I will conduct field observational studies on the regeneration of secondary forests in abandoned plantations and previously cleared land in Singapore. I will also investigate the regeneration of forest that was recently impacted by a strong windstorm in Singapore. Finally, I will synthesize my findings with a literature review and meta-analysis of factors affecting the regeneration of plants in tropical secondary forests.

All are welcome

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Dr. Jane Goodall recently visited Singapore and some of us had the opportunity to attend a panel of discussion organized by The Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law, NUS and the Jane Goodall Institute Singapore (JGIS).  The main focus of this panel was wildlife protection and bringing various organizations together for such an effort in Singapore. A diverse group of people ranging from researchers, to members of NParks, Wildlife Reserves Singapore (WRS), Nature Society Singapore (NSS), to environmental law faculty participated.

The meeting involved discussion of a wide range of topics, from general wildlife conservation to primate conservation in Singapore and the matters of youth empowerment and education. Prof. Rudolf Meier started the ball rolling by raising the possibility of translocation as a means of bringing extinct or rare wildlife back to Singapore, e.g. cream-colored giant squirrel and banded leaf monkey. Nick Baker discussed potential problems but also highlighted the contributions by students like Marcus, Andie, and Amrita who gather critical ecological information on these species with the support of NParks, WRS, and NGOs.

Dr. Goodall and Andie

Dr. Goodall and Amrita

Dr. Goodall stressed the importance of youth empowerment in any conservation project. Giving examples of her own rich experiences, she encouraged members in the panel to actively support youth-driven projects like the JGIS Roots and Shoots programme. This allows youth to initiate campaigns and make a difference. JGIS president Beng Chiak and Dr. Shawn Lum were also positive about the gradual changes in our curriculum, as we see a greater emphasis on our natural heritage and its preservation, beyond just the brown issues like recycling.

Mr. Wong Tuan Wah and Mr. James Gan from NParks were particularly concerned with the long-tailed macaque management in urban Singapore. This led Dr. Jane Goodall to discuss how similar the problems were in Asia and Africa, where she has done a lot of work on baboons which are commonly involved in human-monkey conflicts. This led to a discussion of the problems, such as ownership of these animals, and a number of suggestions were brought up. For example, Singapore’s macaque expert Crystal Riley (a former student of Dr. Michael Gumert of NTU) and NUS biology graduate Fam Shun Deng favored the idea of a central agency responsible for all macaque issue. Mr. Biswajit Guha from the Singapore Zoo described how to increase public awareness and educate the public to harmoniously interact with macaques in Singapore. At this time, our Prof. Meier suggested the creation of a monkey app: Snap a monkey photo, share sighting stories, promote education and awareness!

Dr Goodall mentioned that she was intrigued by the inclination of humans to feed monkeys, and ended the inspiring 2-hr session with a dissertation idea: “Is feeding monkeys part of human nature?? Any takers, aspiring biologists from NUS?

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LSM2251 ecology students present their groups projects today – their abstracts are listed at the module blog (just click the image):

Ecological Observations in Singapore -

We’re stuffing ourselves into Lab 7 now and the energy is infectious as the first groups get ready for action!

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A number of you might remember me harassing you to do the online ‘Complexity Test’ some time back last year, and promised to get back on how deviant you are compared to the general population.

For those who aren’t too familiar with it, I’m interested in how people perceive complexity. What is complexity? How do we define it? How do we quantify it? For example, most people might see a star more complex than say, a circle. So I got a whole bunch of people to arrange and rank four sets of shapes; shapes like these:

And when I have enough data, I’ll try to compare our human algorithmic prowess with more standardized numerical methods. It’ll also be interesting to see how people perform relative to the general population mean.

So as promised, here are some preliminary results. The graph below shows how males and females (from a popualtion size of 90 people) perform in the test relative to the overall population mean, with the leftmost columns being the ‘best’ predictors and the rightmost the ‘worst’ predictors. See below for a more detailed explanation for the X-axis legend.


Overall, girls seem to be better predictors of complexity but have a wider spread; the best and worst predictors are both ladies, and the worst ones differed by a substantial lot.

Guys on the other hand seem to have a tighter curve, but neither shone nor failed as much as the ladies.

Legend:

  • Robot Predictor – You got all, or nearly all the shapes right. You seem to be able to tell what we regular humans think we know and tell us what we want to hear. You were probably born with a caul and psychic, or are actually a cybernetic organism, living tissue over metal endoskeleton, fitting too well into the human norm. Either way you are too ‘normal’ to be trusted.
  • Regular Joe/Jane – You got around 50-75% of the shapes right. Yes, you’re pretty much a run-of-the-mill human, with human error rates.
  • Deviant – If this was a graded test, you failed. You got only 25-49% of the shapes right. You choose a square when everyone else chooses a circle. A chimp might have better success than you at those IQ tests with shapes.
  • Bloody Aberration – You got pretty much everything wrong. You should be locked up; who knows what goes on in your head. As Goya would say, your sense of reasoning is asleep, and it breeds monsters.

Those who have already done the test left their email with me can look forward an even more detailed and complex analysis of their behavior, future and personality mailed to them to see how deviant they are. It’ll be as accurate as tasseography. All I can say now is that Tommy is so far the best male predictor!

As said, these current results are preliminary, and yes, I do need more test subjects to improve my statistical power, so please, if and when you have 15 minutes or so, click the link below to access the page and do the ranking.

COMPLEXITY TEST LINK

Deadline for result compilation is a 2 weeks from now (end March) so do it fast!

 

A few pointers for the test:

Whats important is that each shape be given a rank. There are ten ranks, with 1 being the most simple, 10 being the most complex. Important: both values 1 and 10 MUST be used. This is to allow for standardization of the data. You can however skip rank numbers inbetween, i.e. a series of shapes can be ranked 1,2,3,3,6,6,7,9,10,10, where i have skipped values 4 and 5 because the jump in complexity between the fourth and fifth shape is just too high to have only one or two jumps in rank.

Please make sure you complete each set properly; sets with unranked shapes will have to be discarded. you can however complete sets separately and submit them individually (as it can get a little tiring after a while), but please remember to leave your particulars in the field provided so that i can track and concatenate the data.

So what is complexity? Its up to your own innate senses to decide. You shouldnt think too much about whether this shape is more complex than the other – just go with the gut flow.

So thats it, and thanks so much for your valued help! Do spread this link to people you know, but please make sure that they are reliable as the test can get a little tiring, and it should be taken seriously, since this is going to be part of published work.

As a reward, I’ll send a report to everyone who has completed the test to show you how ‘deviant’ you are from the rest of humanfolk in terms of perceiving complexity!

YC

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“Coral records of 20th century central tropical Pacific climate:
Signatures of natural and anthropogenic climate change”

Dr Intan Suci Nurhati
Post-Doctoral Associate
Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology

Friday 08 Oct 2010: 2pm – 3pm
DBS Seminar Room 1 (Blk S2, Level 4; map)

Host: Jani thuaibah

About the talk – Accurate forecasts of future climate changes depend on quantifying anthropogenic trends against a rich background of natural climate variability. The tropical Pacific is the home of the strongest natural climate variability affecting our modern climate known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) – making climate trends in this region a critical piece of our understanding. However, the detection of anthropogenic signatures in the tropical Pacific has been hampered by the lack of continuous century- long instrumental climate records available from the region.

Coral skeletal geochemistry, such as the ratio of oxygen isotopic composition (d18O), has provided valuable tropical climate records. Coral d18O records throughout the central tropical Pacific suggest that this region experiences warming and/or increased rainfall trends since the late 20th century that may be unprecedented over the last millennium. It is important to identify the physical changes that underlie this late 20th century trend with respect to the roles of temperature and hydrological changes in the coming decades.

In this talk, I present coral-based sea-surface temperature and salinity proxy records from the central tropical Pacific over the 20th century, via coupled measurements of coral d18O as well as Sr/Ca. The central tropical Pacific sea- surface temperature proxy records show significant correlations to the canonical ENSO variability as well as to the recently identified “flavor” of ENSO called the ENSO Modoki.

Despite the tight coupling of temperature and rainfall in the tropics over annual and interannual (3-7 years) timescales, the coral records suggest that the decadal and secular trends of tropical Pacific sea-surface temperature and hydrology are controlled by different sets of dynamics, and also, may response differently to global warming. Taken together, the new coral proxy records suggest that anthropogenic climate change may dominate recent hydrological trends in the region, which carries important implications to our societies.

About the Speaker – Dr. Intan Suci Nurhati studies how the tropical Pacific climate may change under global warming, by reconstructing the past climate using coral geochemistry. She received her B.A. in Earth and Environmental Science, and Economics from Wesleyan University (USA) in 2005, and earned her Ph.D. in Earth and Atmospheric Science from Georgia Institute of Technology (USA) in 2010. She is currently a postdoctoral associate at the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, investigating coral-based records of marine environmental metals in Singapore, and the regional hydrological changes under the warming climate.

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Get your hands on the latest copy of beMUSE, the quarterly magazine published by the National Heritage Board! There are plenty of interesting articles in this issue, including one written by Andie from our lab, on the banded leaf monkeys of Singapore (Living treasures in the treetops: A fresh look at Singapore’s banded leaf monkeys). In it, she discusses the ecology of the banded leaf monkeys, their natural heritage value and relationship to the greater question of biodiversity conservation in Singapore, as well as the banded leaf monkey’s long term prospects for survival, It’s accompanied by plenty of lush photographs, (as are all the other articles in the magazine). She also discusses the fate of some other charismatic animals of Singapore, including Marcus’ mousedeer, along with a picture he took of the shy, nocturnal creature.

You can enjoy more of his photography in the following article on mangroves (Rainforests by the sea: Celebrating Singapore’s mangrove forests), written by Jean Yong, Joanne Khew (from Plant lab) & Ng Yan Fei, which includes an useful comparative mangrove guide sheet. Last but not least, there is also an article on RMBR (Learning from looking: The natural history collection of the former Raffles library and museum). Written by Clement Onn from the Asian Civilisations Museum, it not only offers a good read, but also includes a very useful timeline of the RMBR’s history.

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Congratulations to all four presenters for a job well done!

There’s a short write up of the “An Evening Dedicated to Conserving Singapore’s Biodiversity” event on the NUS website! You can access it here. It focuses on the work that Andie has been doing over the past 1.5 years with regards to the banded leaf monkeys.

For those who want to  see a bunch of photos of the excitement, the DBS website has devoted a page to them here.

Thanks a lot to all the honours students who put up their posters for the event! They certainly helped to attract a lot of positive attention.

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“Galapagos of the Indian Ocean: Christmas Island, Kingdom of Crabs”

By Tan Heok Hui

Friday, 9th April 2010: 4pm
Lecture Theatre 20 – see map
Block S3, Level 1,
Faculty of Science,
National University of Singapore

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“Adventures of an Expeditionary Biologist:
A Physio-ethological Approach to Amphibian Communication”

by Peter Narins,
Departments of Integrative Biology and Physiology,
and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology,
Center for the Advanced Study of Behavior, UCLA.

Friday, 19th March 2010: 4.00pm
Lecture Theatre 20

Map: http://tinyurl.com/map-nusdbs

Host: David Bickford

“Animal communication occurs when a signal generated by one individual is transmitted through an appropriate channel and results in a behavioral change in a second individual. We have explored specific morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations in a wide variety of taxa that appear to have evolved specifically to tailor and sculpt intraspecific communication systems.

In this lecture, I will review some of these adaptational studies in amphibians, including:
(1) Cross-modal integration as the basis for understanding agonistic behavior in territorial dart- poison frogs, Allobates femoralis. We used an electromechanical model frog (robot) to present territorial males with visual and auditory cues separated by experimentally-introduced temporal delays or spatial disparities to probe temporal and spatial integration in this animal. Our results demonstrate both that temporal and spatial integration may be reliably estimated in a freely-behaving animal in its natural habitat, and that we can use aggressive behavior in this species as an index of cross-modal integration in the field.

(2) The second example concerns two distantly related organisms: the concave-eared torrent frog (Odorrana tormota), calling near fast-flowing mountain streams of Anhui Province, Central China, and the endemic Bornean frog, Huia cavitympanum, living in a very similar riverine habitat in Sarawak, Malaysia. In addition to the high-pitched audible components, these species’ calls contain previously unreported ultrasonic harmonics. This extraordinary upward extension into the ultrasonic range of both the harmonic content of the advertisement calls and the frogs’ hearing sensitivity is likely to have coevolved in response to the intense, predominately low- frequency ambient noise from local streams.

These two case studies provide evidence that a physio-ethological approach, determining the physiological mechanisms underlying natural behavior, can be a fruitful avenue for elucidating the selective forces acting on the evolution of animal communication systems.”

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Hi research students,

this was an email reminder to the Ecolab honours students that is worth repeating:

Back up your project files on a daily basis!

Any computer, regardless of make and age, can be vulnerable, so a daily backup routine is critical. The mindset to adopt is to expect your computer to breakdown, for the hardisk to fail and the most tragic, for yourself to write over your own files! For the honours and UROPS students, as your computer use gets more intense, the probability of any of these tragedies will increase.

So start saving your files in at least two of the following ways:
  1. Email yourself a copy of the file when you're done, in gmail. 
  2. Thumbdrive - save a copy to a dedicated thumbdrive.
  3. Dropbox – the files in your dropbox folder (which you all opened at the start of the academic year) are backed up to your dropbox server space. 
  4. GDocs - this is new – GDocs now allows you to upload files without conversion, i.e. to store files

Note: if you have raw data stored solely on gdocs, remember to download and set aside a copy.  

Finally a couple of file management suggestions. Particularly helpful during that overnight grind to complete a draft:
  1. Organise your many files into folders. 
  2. Reduce clutter in your primary working folder by setting aside raw data you no longer access and early document versions into a separate, clearly labelled archive folder. 
  3. Label everything comprehensivel (filenames are no longer restricted to 8 characters!)
These corridors have witnessed many tragic stories. Exciting to hear about but dreadful to live through. So backup and have a Happy New Year!

Cheerio!

Otterman

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